中考英语知识点总结：虚拟语气

中考英语知识点总结：虚拟语气 篇1

知识点总结

虚拟，在汉语中表示一种假设的，不存在的情况，同样，英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在初中阶段，虚拟语气一般用于下列情况：

一、条件状语从句

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

if i were you, i would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实上我不可能是你)

if i knew her number i could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，从句：主语+had done ， 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done ，例如：

if i"d left sooner，i"d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

if i had got there earlier, i should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 (事实：去晚了)

3、与将来事实相反

从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do

②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do

例如：if he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 (事实：来的可能性很小)

注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：

一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测;

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);

三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：

i should see him, i"ll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

if it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。

二、wish 后宾语从句

1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 。例如：

i wish i had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)

2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done 例如：

i wish i had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实：那时还不知道)

3、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形

i wish i should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)

中考英语知识点总结：虚拟语气 篇2

虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句

1.wish后的宾语从句。

与现在愿望不一致，用主语十过去时，例如：

i wi。hiwere you.

与过去愿望不一致，用主语+had+过去分词，例如：iwish i had visited the white house wheni was in the states与将来愿望不一致，用主语+would (could)+原形。

2.it"s time句型：当lt"s tine后用that从句时应该为主i吾+should+动词原形或主语十过去时，例如：it，s time thatyou went to school.或it"s time that you should go to school

3- if only引起的感叹句相当于“how i wish+宾语从句”。

(l)if only he could come.他要能来就好了。

(2)if only i had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。

4.would rather，as if(though)引导的从句也需使用虚拟语气，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，例如：

(l)i"d rather you posted the letter right away.

(2)she loves the children as if they were hers.

5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

(1)介词或介词短语。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。

(2)连词。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。例如：the foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们误解。

(3)通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。

without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。例如：

①without you,1 would never know him

②but for your oooperation, we wouldn"t have done it

③but that she was afraid, she would have said no. .

④i would be most glad to help you, buti am busy now.

⑤i would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.

⑥i am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!