中考英语知识点总结:定语从句 篇1
适用场景:英语教学资料总结、学生复习资料总结、考试备考资料总结
演讲要点:关系代词应用分析、先行词与从句关系提炼、定语从句常见考点归纳
行文逻辑:讲解定语从句→分析关系代词→归纳常见考点
知识点总结
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1) is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2) he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3) the man whom you spoke to just now is our english teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1) prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2) the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意: 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 i still remember the day when i first came to the school.
2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 shanghai is the city where i was born.
3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ,用在reason 后面。 please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常见考法
对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。
典型例题:you"re the only person ______i"ve ever met ______could do it.
a. who b. whom c. whom d. who
解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
答案:d
中考英语知识点总结:定语从句 篇2
适用场景:高中英语教学总结、语法知识点总结、考试复习资料总结
演讲要点:疑问句考查总结、倒装句分析总结、非谓语动词应用总结
行文逻辑:还原疑问句→还原倒装句→复原词组→删减插入语→还原非谓语动词
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. is this the farm ________ you visited last week?
a. where b. the one c. on which d. /
【解析】答案是d。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时,的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句,然后判断谁是先行词,再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分,最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. we came to a place, ________ stood a big tower.
a. which b. that c. / d. where
【解析】正确答案是d。为了保持句子平衡,句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊,因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句,应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序,这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、 拆分词组和固定搭配
3. the second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
a. of which b. where c. to do d. that
4. why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?
a. which b. on which c. when d. where
【解析】正确答案分别是d和a。一些词组和搭配被拆开后,句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组:make use of, play a part (in)。
四、添加插入语或状语
5. the scientist has made another discovery, _______ i believe is of great importance.
a. that b. / c. which d. why
【解析】应选择c。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有:i think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时,的办法是先删去插入语或状语,这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6. is this the man ________ you want to have ________
the radio for me?
a. who;repaired b. that;repaired
c. whom;repairing d. that;repair
【解析】d项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一,因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目的办法就是将句子还原。如:我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原,还原后的句子应是:you want to have the man repair the radio for me.
