英语语法核心知识点归纳总结 篇1
适用场景:教学材料总结、语言学习资料、课堂讲义总结
演讲要点:基数词规则应用、代词分类使用、数词表达方式
行文逻辑:讲解基数词→分析代词类型→说明数词用法
1.基数词
(1) 21~99之间的二位数由十位数加个位数再加连字符构成。如24可写成twenty-four。
(2) 101~999之间的三位数由hundred加and再加二位数或末位数构成。加489可写成four hundred and eighty-nine。
(3) 表示确切数目时,基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion不加s。如several hundred,ten million。但是表示不确定数目时,要用复数形式。如hundreds of。
(4) 表示“在几十年代”用“in+the+逢十的数词复数”。如in the1980s或80’s。
2.序数词
一般由基数词加-th构成,前面一般加定冠词the。如the two hundredth。
以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,把y改成i,再加-eth。如the fiftieth。
不规则的序数词有first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。
3.其他几种数词
(1) 分数由基数词和序数词合成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于l时,分母的序数词要用复数形式。如:11/3读做three and two thirds
1/3读做one(a)third;
但1/2读做one(a)half,1/4读做one(a)quarter。
(2) 小数点读做point;“零”读做zero;带小数点的数字从左至右依次读出。如0.2读做zero point two。
(3) 百分数读做percent。如17%读做seventeen percent。
二、代词
1.人称代词
人称代词的主格做主语;宾格做宾语或表语。
2.物主代词
物主代词有两大类,一般形容词性物主代词做定语;名词性物主代词做主语、宾语和表语。
3.反身代词 反身代词由形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成
如:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves
反身代词在句子中可充当宾语、表语和同位语。
4.疑问代词
常用的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,whoever,which,what等。疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句,可用做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
5.指示代词
指示代词表示单数的有this,that;表示复数的有these,those。用法如下:
(1) 在句中做主语、宾语和定语。
(2) this(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;that(those)指时间和空间上较远的人或物。
6.不定代词
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数与不可数的区别。不定代词的种类较多,用法和侧重点略有不同,介绍如下。
(1) one,some与any的区别:one作为不定代词可以泛指任何人,还可以替代名词词组或名词词组中的中心词,其复数形式为ones;some表示肯定意义,一般用于肯定旬;any表示否定或疑问意义,多用于疑问、否定句中。
(2) each与every的区别:each通常用来指小到两个,强调个别,可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语;every则通常指三个以上的人,强调整体,相当于汉语的“每个都”,在句中只做定语。
(3) none与no的区别:no(not any)在句子中做定语;none在句中做主语或宾语,代替不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。
(4) other与another的区别:other可用于单数和复数,泛指“另外的”,做定语,常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用;others是other的复数形式,泛指“别的人或物”,但不是全部;the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,做定语修饰复数名词时,表示另一方中的“全部其余的”;the others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”;another指不确定的另一个,三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”、“再一…”、“另一个”,做代词或形容词。
(5) both与all的区别:both指两个人或物;all指三个以上的人或物。两者在句中都可做主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。
(6) either与neither的区别:either表示“两个中的任何一个”;neither表示“两个中的任何一个都不”。两个词都表示单数。
英语语法核心知识点归纳总结 篇2
适用场景:课堂教学总结、考试复习总结、语言学习总结
演讲要点:一般过去时应用分析、时态差异对比、语法测试练习
行文逻辑:讲解一般过去时→对比时态差异→提供测试练习
一般过去时:
功能:
(1)表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
►. we visited the school last spring.
►. i went to school by bike when i was in middle school.
►. china was founded in 1949.
(2)在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
►. she told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.
►. they would not leave until she came back.
►. my friend promised to marry me once she made her final decision.
一般过去时,现在时和过去时的几组差异:(别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。)
►. her brother was a chemist.(已去世)
►. her brother is a chemist.(尚健在)
►. that"s all i had to say.(话已说完)
►. that"s all i have to say.(言之未尽)
►. it was so nice to see you.(离别时用)
►. it is so nice to see you.(见面时用)
►. jane did a lot of work this morning.(已是当天下午或晚上)
►. jane has done a lot of work this morning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时,此乃后话!]
测试精编i:(用所给动词的正确进态填空)。
1. yesterday i ________ (think) that you were not in beijing.
2. alice usually ________ (sit) in the front of the classroom, but she ________ (sit) at the back this morning.
3. he ________ (tell) the news to us three days ago.
4. he________ (begin) to teach chinese in 1990. 5. she would not telephone me if she ________ (have) no time.
测试精编ii
1. they ________ the trip until the rain stopped.
a. continued b. didn"t continue
c. hadn"t continued d. would continue
2. the local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which they ________ of hunger and cold.(without 在这里表条件,你知道吗?)
a. would die b. will die c. would be dead d. would have died
3. it was not until then that i came to know that the earth ________ around the sun.
a. moved b. has moved c. will move d. moves
4. when all those present ________ he began his lecture.(重点题)
a. sit b. set c. seated d. were seated
5. if i had had time, i would have written to you. but in fact i ________ not.
a. have b. would have c. had d. had had
(后设答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
keys
1. thought 2. sits, sat 3. told 4. began 5. had
1. b 2. a 3. d 4. d 5. c
英语语法核心知识点归纳总结 篇3
适用场景:课堂教学材料、学生复习资料、语言学习指南
演讲要点:be动词使用规范、助动词句型构建、语法结构梳理
行文逻辑:讲解动词用法→分析句型结构→归纳语法要点
1. be动词(am/is/are)
主语 be动词(原形) be动词(过去式)
i am was he/she/it is was
we/you/they are were
2.助动词(do/does/did)
问句 答句
do+非第三人称单数
+动词原形…?
…do/don"t
does+第三人称单数
…does/doesn"t
did+所有主格
…did/didn"t
问句 答句
what do you/they/we…
+动词原形?
i/they/we+动词原形…。
what does he/she/it…
he/she/it +(动词+s)….
what did you/they/we/ he/she/it…
i/they/we/ he/she/it +动词过去式。
